新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肺癌患者的应对措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是近段时间我国面临的重大公卫事件，我国是肺癌大国，为了加强肺癌患者对这一疾病的认识，在疫情期间，使广大肺癌患者做好自身疾病的管理，做好对新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防。本文结合肺癌患者自身特点，对新型冠状病毒肺炎的易感性、鉴别诊断、防护、治疗，以及肺癌患者的随访、抗肿瘤用药、营养、手术等方面进行探讨，并结合两者的关系综合归纳，可以为广大肺癌患者更好地应对疫情提供参考。     

盐霉素对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:体外实验研究盐霉素对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法:通过CCK-8法检测盐霉素作用后鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的增殖情况。利用克隆集落形成实验观察鼻咽癌细胞成活情况，单击多靶模型拟合剂量存活曲线，计算放射增敏指数（SER）；Chou-Talalay数学模型绘制联合指数（CI）曲线，判断盐霉素和放射的作用关系。利用γ-H2AX焦点形成检测DNA分子损伤情况。结果:盐霉素能够抑制鼻咽癌细胞的增殖，并且具有明显的时间和剂量依赖性；盐霉素作用鼻咽癌细胞的IC50值在24 h时为17.81 μmol/L，48 h时为3.98 μmol/L。根据单击多靶模型拟合细胞的存活曲线，可知在鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2中盐霉素浓度为0.1 μmol/L和0.5 μmol/L时SER分别为1.19和1.21，均大于1.0，表明盐霉素对鼻咽癌细胞具有明显的放射增敏作用。制作联合指数（CI）曲线，可知在盐霉素浓度为0.1 μmol/L时，放射剂量为2 Gy时，CI值≈1，盐霉素和放射对CNE-2的作用接近相加作用，放射剂量为4、6、8 Gy时，CI值均＜1，二者为协同作用；在盐霉素浓度为0.5 μmol/L时，放射剂量为2、4、6、8 Gy时，CI值均＜1，二者均为协同作用。相对于照射组，盐霉素+照射组能增加DNA损伤数目。结论:盐霉素能提高鼻咽癌细胞的放射敏感性，为一种潜在的放射增敏药物。     

经方治疗水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染探讨

介绍运用经方辨治水痘和带状疱疹的异同。认为两者均为水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染引起的常见皮肤病。治疗水痘应以祛邪为主,辨证以六经中的太阳、阳明、少阳三阳经为重点,可运用石膏类方等;而对于带状疱疹,应重视扶正,辨证宜兼顾六经、衡量虚实,可予柴胡类方等。     

Using a monotone single-index model to stabilize the propensity score in missing data problems and causal inference

The augmented inverse weighting method is one of the most popular methods for estimating the mean of the response in causal inference and missing data problems. An important component of this method is the propensity score. Popular parametric models for the propensity score include the logistic, probit, and complementary log-log models. A common feature of these models is that the propensity score is a monotonic function of a linear combination of the explanatory variables. To avoid the need to choose a model, we model the propensity score via a semiparametric single-index model, in which the score is an unknown monotonic nondecreasing function of the given single index. Under this new model, the augmented inverse weighting estimator (AIWE) of the mean of the response is asymptotically linear, semiparametrically efficient, and more robust than existing estimators. Moreover, we have made a surprising observation. The inverse probability weighting and AIWEs based on a correctly specified parametric model may have worse performance than their counterparts based on a nonparametric model. A heuristic explanation of this phenomenon is provided. A real-data example is used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

Association Between Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Nutritional Status of Malignant Tumor Patients

Background: The level of the systemic inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in many patients with malignant disease and may be related to nutritional status.

Objective: To analyze the association between serum CRP levels in patients with malignant tumors and their nutritional status.

Method: A total of 3,692 cases were analyzed and the serum CRP levels were determined using an immunometric assay. Nutritional status was assessed by using patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). The biochemical evaluation of prealbumin (PA), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHOL), and triglycerides (TG) were assayed within 48?h admission to the hospital. The association between serum CRP concentration and the nutritional status, the stage of the tumor and other factors was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Result: Elevated serum CRP was observed in 47.6% (1,548/3,269) of patients compared with the reference value, and the median CRP concentration was 18.29?mg/l. Patient serum CRP concentrations in the malnourished group (PG-SGA B?+?C) were higher than in the well-nourished (PG-SGA A) patients (P?<?0.05). The serum CRP level was related to the patients' age, gender, tumor stage, and was affected by hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, but it has no effect on hypertension. The CRP high patients had lower PA and ALB levels, lower Karnofsky performance status scores, and higher PG-SGA scores (P?<?0.05), and there was no relationship with CHOL and TG levels. Weight loss in the previous 1?mo was seen with CRP positive patients (P?<?0.05).

Conclusion: Almost 50% of malignant tumor patients had elevated serum CRP levels indicating a systemic inflammatory state. The nutritional status was worse in cancer patients with higher concentrations of serum CRP. The level of CRP was associated with the tumor stage, and, as stage is a prognostic factor, so can CRP be used as a prognostic maker in malignant tumors patients.     

补肾化浊方联合粪菌移植对来曲唑诱导的多囊卵巢综合征大鼠生殖、代谢功能及相关炎症因子的影响

目的以肠道微生态为切入点探讨补肾化浊方联合粪菌移植治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)潜在机制。方法将30只6周龄SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、中药组、粪菌移植组、中药+粪菌移植组,每组6只。来曲唑1 mg/(kg d)灌胃51 d,第22日起,中药组加灌补肾化浊方21.7 g/(kg d),粪菌移植组加灌新鲜粪便2 g/(kg d),中药+粪菌移植组加灌补肾化浊方21.7 g/(kg d)和新鲜粪便2 g/(kg d),连续30 d,另设空白组。干预结束后,腹主动脉取血检测大鼠血清性激素、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG),ELISA检测大鼠血清白细胞介素(IL)-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,HE染色观察大鼠卵巢形态学变化。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠卵巢呈多囊样改变,体质量、睾酮、黄体生成素(LH)/促卵泡激素(FSH)、FPG、HOMA-IR、IL-18、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.01,P<0.001);与模型组比较,中药+粪菌移植组可显著改善上述指标(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),中药组可显著改善除TNF-α外各项指标(P<0.05,P<0.01),粪菌移植组可显著降低PCOS大鼠LH/FSH、IL-18水平(P<0.01,P<0.001);在降低IL-18水平方面,中药+粪菌移植组作用显著优于中药组(P<0.01)。结论中药联合粪菌移植可显著改善PCOS大鼠生殖和代谢功能,改善慢性炎症状态。     

SNPs in the COX-2/PGES/EP signaling pathway are associated with risk of severe capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - Capecitabine is a widely used 5-fluorouracil oral prodrug. Hand-foot syndrome (HFS), one of the most common adverse events of capecitabine, impacts...